Managing Infrastructure OF Water and Petroleum Demand in KSA

2279 | P a g e O c t 1 0 , 2 0 1 3 Managing Infrastructure OF Water and Petroleum Demand in KSA Magdy Shayboub Ali Mahmoud * , Samir Mahmud Adam Abdalla 1 Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Suez Canal University, Ismaillia, 41522, Egypt. magdy01sh@yahoo.com http://magdy_mahmoud_ci.staff.scuegypt.edu.eg/ 2 Computer Science Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) samiradm59@yahoo.com ABSTRACT


I. INTRODUCTION
Saudi Arabia with an area of 2.15 million km2 is an arid and water deficit country, with limited fresh water-supplies. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is a desert like country lying within the continental zone where temperatures are high in summer and low in winter. It is also characterized by low annual rainfall and lacks perennial rivers or permanent bodies of water. The climatic conditions pose a continual challenge, as does the depletion of underground water resources. Due to an acute deficit, water has always been an extremely valuable resource and occupies the prominent and prime position among the natural resources of KSA. Although water is a renewable resource, yet its availability is extremely low and to the society. In the situation, there is a tremendous pressure on the existing water resources due to an increase in population, and the rising living standards of the civil society applied GIS in handling their relevant data [10,11,15,31].

A. Review of the Water Resources of KSA
The water resources in the Kingdom are divided into surface and underground deposits. Water collected through rainfall (surface water) is estimated to be about 2045 million cubic meters (MCM) per year. Depending upon rainfall, ground water is present in the basement crystalline rocks with an estimate of about 1.5 million cubic meters. The thickness of these rocks is about 500 meters. The production of the desalinated water reaches 740.52 million American Gallons daily. In the kingdom, about 1.5 million cubic meters treated Surface water is available with an estimate of about 2045 million cubic meters (MCM) per year comes from the rainfall, and is found predominantly in the west and south-west of the country. In 1985, surface water provided 10% of the kingdom's supply. While reporting on water resources [18,19,31].

B. GIS AND INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
The area of GIS and infrastructure, the collection, storage and manipulation of geographic information have undergone a revolution in recent years with the development and wide spread availability of GIS software's. Today, many Infrastructure services planners and officers can benefit from education and training in the GIS field and this will give them the chance of influencing the progress of , environmental and infrastructure assessment and the geographic allocation of infrastructure planning of a local resources locations [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The rapid adoption of GIS in the field of infrastructure planning is actually a result of the following issues:The increasing availability of geo-coded Infrastructure data that lead to having infrastructure information systems.The availability of digital geographic data at micro and/or micro scale that has several GIS coverage with enormous attribute data such as addresses land use, ownership, etc.
become inexpensive and easier to use and runs on a wider range of platforms e.g. ,Unix, IBM.Google earth have become a very important GIS Tool visualize the earth use satellite system.The availability of spatial data analysis tools, as separate software modules or embedded is GIS .Perceived and update the base map information.Environmental, socioeconomic and other risk factors, which influence water in land and water area, under serviced, poor, inaccessible areas and other geographic and demographic factors.Population sub groups with specific needs of water recourse , roads and rail road , elevation and production and exploration of petroleum.Infrastructure services directed at land problems or risk factors for all population.Infrastructure inputs, e.g., staff, funds, capital resources, and GPS and GIS equipments used etc.Infrastructure outputs, e.g., number of client contacts, proportion of population reached for particular programmers and proportions of target population reached.Infrastructure outcomes, e.g., change in health status as a result of intervention of infrastructure services programs [1].
These are Area, SubArea ,Cities consisting the land base while the water in land , water area, roads , railroads ,elevation and Land cover showing the features dataset of the infrastructure of KSA land; that shows as Layers. Each one of these digital coverage has also several attributes such as road types, land uses, number of population, area name, and characteristics and epidemiology data for diabetic. All of the collected data have been digitized and given a uniform reference in ArcGIS. Figure 4 show The geodatabse layers and their attributes in ArcCatelog Platform version 9.3.

III. Research Methodology A. GIS HAS SEVERAL TECHNIQUES
GIS has several techniques and functions that can be used for Infrastructure service planning. Each one of these functions can be applied on different infrastructure related issues. For example, the issue of water in land and water area accessibility can be modeled in GIS using simple functions such as buffer function or using spatial data analytical functions such as spatial analysis technique. This study has selected three major infrastructure planning issues and uses GIS for analyzing these issues. The first issue is related to defining the water in land and water area location. The second issue in the roads and rail roads while the third is the production and exploration of petrol. GIS has different tools that can be used for defining any location on the map. Google earth was used to show the elevations of Saudi Arabia Areas using argGIS and arcCatelog presented to study and capture and define infrastructure location at Saudi Arabia [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. ArcGIS software is used by the presented study to define the land base layers(area, subarea, Cities) and the infrastructure that consists of (Water in land , water area, roads ,railroads, elevation and land cover). These data are collected on subarea districts level. Therefore, GIS coverage is digitized at the Arcmap application, which is one of the main ArcGIS 9.3 applications, using polygon-draw inities ) g tools that are located at the editor menu. After creating the required Area, and subarea district polygons in ArcGIS 9.3 software, the following step was taken to enter the collected attributes about the land base and the infrastructure attributes. These include subareas and Cities names population on subarea and . All of these data are linked to the demand coverage and used for the second issue of this application which is related to the classifications of different infrastructures attributes Figure 7 Shows the style studio XML softwareplatform where the Infrastructure as XML diagram and The XML of Saudi Arabia Geodatabase Features data set. O c t 1 0 , 2 0 1 3

A. SAUDI ARAMCO'S E&P PORTFOLIO
Saudi Aramco's E&P portfolio contains a multitude of spatial data on potential hydrocarbon accumulations. It also contains data on reserves, well locations, seismic surveys, satellite and aerial imagery, surface topography and existing infrastructure information. Major challenges in managing such a portfolio are that of ensuring data is kept up-to-date in a secure environment, a consistent evaluation with a clear audit trail is applied throughout and the data is available for integration with E&P business risk planning engines [4][5][6][7][8][9].

B. E&P WELL DATABASE
An interactive, custom, intelligent interface allows a user to define what information they would like retrieved from the E&P Well database tables for wells selected on a map. Constraints can be imposed on the relational database to provide a basis for any analysis that is to be completed in a spatial context. The constraints are designed with a syntax very similar to the natural language of the relational database, i.e., SQL, and the interface has been developed to be intuitive as possible. The retrieved data can be exported to Excel or text file format for further analysis or displayed next to the well locations on the map. In addition, one or more columns for the retrieved data can be used to create custom maps that represent quantity, with proportional symbols, when well dataretrieved from the relational databaseare used as measurement values, e.g., bubble maps. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].

C. GEOLOGIC MAPS & SATELLITE IMAGERY
The custom overview window of E&P GIS can display and overlay for analysis geo-referenced geologic maps and satellite imagery residing in the E&P GIS database. An index grid for the raster data shows the footprints available for display and analysis. The interactive hot-link tool allows a user to select a particular footprint and display it in a custom map viewer along with its metadata. The option to overlay the selected image on the main map window can then be used to merge the vector data for integrated analysis. Because we can only display and view satellite images using the three O c t 1 0 , 2 0 1 3 visible primary colors, any three of the available bands can be combined to highlight the particular features of interest [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]31].

A. KSA Land base Map
The mechanism for changes of classes of KSA infrastructure data integration and data sharing. This mechanism allows an instance of a class to be generalized or specialized thus enabling information integration at different levels. Figure 25 shown how the KSA base map which composed of area, subarea and cities geodabase was created using ArcGIS 9.3 and ArcCatelog. Second it presented how the knowledge generated for water in land, water areas, and water damas and elevation geodatabase and map generation was done. Third the roads and rail roads geodatabase was build showing the way where petrol and water transformed . The different levels of information granularity and their relation to different levels of Geodatabse were discussed here. The navigation introduced here shortens the gap between generic and specialized Geodatabse, enabling the sharing of software components and information. The next section of this paper presents an assessment of alternatives for integrating Geodatabse [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].

B. Information integration
information integration was presented of the high-level integration of Geodatabses of the whole system base map and land activates of water , road and petroleum was discussed, followed by a discussion of low-level integration. A method for evaluating the potential for information integration was introduced. Forth charts showing the number of dams on water areas and water in land was done showing the most highest and most water capacities was measured and captured, the effects of the use of roles and of hierarchical structures in the representation of Geodatabses in the potential for information integration [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].

C.-Guidelines for Implementation
We are suggesting here specific tools for implementation. We know that these tools are not the only solutions but the evolution of ontology-driven information systems will lead to the use similar tools or to an evolution of these same tools. An ontology-driven information system deals with instances of classes.

D. Creation of Infrastructure Geodatabase
ArcCatelog version 9.2 was used to create and build the KS infrastructure personal Geodatabase of the KS land base and the feature datasets of Water in land and water areas, Roads ,rail roads were designed. Figure 18 and 19 shown the creation of new personal Geodatabase on Access Database.

VII . KSA Oil Company Explores the Advantages of Enterprise GIS
A. GIS for Petroleum: Discovering new sources of petroleum ahead of the competition is one of the key ways to stay successful in the petroleum industry. A GIS can help you evaluate the potential for oil in promising locations. Exploration often requires analysis of satellite imagery, digital aerial photo mosaics, seismic surveys, surface geology studies, subsurface and cross section interpretations and images, well locations, and existing infrastructure information. A GIS can relate these data elements to the location in question in map form and allow you to overlay, view, and manipulate the data to analyze and understand its potential.GIS technology today O c t 1 0 , 2 0 1 3 allows you to manage the spatial components of these everyday petroleum "business objects," such as leases, wells, pipelines, environmental concerns, facilities, and retail outlets, in the corporate database and apply appropriate geographic analysis efficiently across the enterprise [33][34][35][36][37][38].  Surveying and Exploration-ArcGIS Desktop (ArcEditor) is used extensively to plan seismic surveying missions, monitor the performance of contractor crews, and analyze geophysical data collected during the surveys.  Engineering-A custom Mapping Wizard lets staff access a wealth of spatial data from the Oracle-ArcSDE repository and quickly create publication-quality maps, without needing to know anything about GIS technology or cartography. Customized ArcGIS applications are used to support well site planning, wellhead maintenance, and other engineering functions.  Logistics-The company's existing telecommunications infrastructure is being leveraged to dispatch and track the movement of company cars, heavy trucks, and ocean-going supertankers. Knowing the precise location of vehicles and vessels is essential for the timely delivery of goods and services. It also provides a lifeline for staff driving in remote desert locations.  Planning-ArcEditor is used to digitize the location of all new facilities, and the resultant information is reviewed online by planners and engineers using dynamic ArcIMS maps. ArcIMS has been integrated with a Web-based document management system to enhance decision making and reduce the project review time frame.

B. Production, Export and Consumption of Peteroluim for Gulf Countries
From study of petroleum production, export and consumption from [32] table and graphs was produced, on Middle East, the middle east (Persian /Arabian Gulf Region) is the world's oiliest petroleum porcine, with 64 percent of world's climates oil reserve and globe's highest potential rate capacity [33][34][35][36][37][38].

VII. Results and Outputs
The results and the out com of the proposed work include : The present study has covered these issues by using GIS for creation of KSA Land base and the infrastructure specially of water inland , water areas ,roads and railroads and exploration and production of petroleum.
GIS is used to analyze the land and the infrastructure on the land of KSA . well as studying the spatial data analysis of the inure like water and petroleum.
The results of this application are very useful for infrastructure planners and the production and explores of oils well using Google earth and GIS for infrastructure services in Saudi Arabia subareas. because they evaluate the level of service provision at the selected area.
It is found that the existing infrastructure of water in land and water area has a big relation with the elevation of Saudi Arabia Subareas.
Geodatabase was build and created using ArcCatelog 9.3 of ESRI GIS software production for KSA Basmap and water and roads infrastructure.
Water dams on water areas was discussed and found that KSA hhs 330 dams for saving water for different purposes in agriculture , human and animals needs.
Rail roads was found on the eastern regions but a new rail road was builds at Makkah Area and Madinah for pilgrim shed Exploration and production of petroleum was shown taking the information from Aramco petroleum company. O c t 1 0 , 2 0 1 3 Finally; GIS can be considered part of the decision-support systems for people who formulate and follow infrastructure policy. Also, GIS is a new technology that staffs with GIS training and skills are in high demand in water and oil(petroleum).

VIII. CONCLUSIONS
The main goal of this work was done , creating an infrastructure for planning was created , a challenging field that depends on spatial data such as location and characteristics of water in land , water areas Petroleum and the Rail road to transfer the petroleum production . Infrastructure planners several tasks have been covered to assure that infrastructure services are provided at the best location. Land base (area , subarea and cities) and Infrastructure of water, Petroleum (petroleum ) and railroads. Two important issues was considered in local infrastructure planning. The present study has covered these issues by using GIS for Saudi Arab administrative subareas, infrastructure and neighborhoods cities. Water dams for reserving water was discussed on water areas and water in land taking the information from Ministry of water and electricity web site.
GIS used was applied to analyze the centre catchment as well as studying the spatial data analysis of some diseases such as of blood cancer and blood sugar or fitness patients. The results of this application are very useful for infrastructure planners of water and petroleum demands on a micro-scale and explores the possibilities of using GIS for infrastructure services in Saudi Arabia subareas..The relation between populations and geographical areas, roads and rail road criteria was taken to help reaching to neighborhood infrastructure. Production especially petroleum production . The same technique can be applied at the other infrastructure activates of other Saudi Arabia subareas . GIS can be considered part of the decision-support systems for people who formulate and follow health policy. Also, GIS is a new technology that staffs with GIS training and skills are in high demand of Water and petroleum in KSA. Finally; GIS can be considered part of the decision-support systems for people who formulate and follow infrastructure policy. Also, GIS is a new technology that staffs with GIS training and skills are in high demand in water and petroleum in KSA